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Octopus Intelligence: Alien Minds Reshaping AI & Robotics
Nature

Octopus Intelligence: Alien Minds Reshaping AI & Robotics

Octopuses possess 500 million neurons distributed across their bodies—two-thirds in their arms rather than their brain—creating a radically decentralized intelligence that challenges everything we thought we knew about how minds work. These eight-armed aliens demonstrate tool use, problem-solving, and observational learning comparable to mammals, yet achieve it through a nervous system architecture completely unlike vertebrates. Their distributed cognition is now inspiring revolutionary advan...

Cleaner Fish Stations: Ocean's Natural Reef Healthcare
Nature

Cleaner Fish Stations: Ocean's Natural Reef Healthcare

Cleaner fish stations—underwater "car washes" where tiny wrasses, gobies, and shrimp remove parasites from larger reef fish—are critical infrastructure for coral reef health. These cleaning mutualisms involve sophisticated cognition, chemical signaling, and trust-based relationships that structure entire ecosystems. When scientists remove cleaner fish, parasite loads increase 4.5-fold, fish diversity drops, and microbial communities shift. Climate change threatens these stations by reducing c...

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