Artificial organs grown from 3D-printed tissue and lab cultures are moving from science fiction to clinical reality, potentially eliminating transplant waiting lists within decades. But breakthroughs in vascularization and bioprinting bring profound challenges around access, ethics, and regulation.
CRISPR 2.0 technologies like prime and base editing have achieved error rates as low as 1 in 543, enabling FDA-approved cures for sickle cell and beta thalassemia. While costs remain high at $2 million per treatment, the one-time cure model promises to transform medicine for hundreds of inherited diseases.
Genetically engineered pig organs are now functioning in human patients for months after decades of failures, thanks to CRISPR technology that eliminates immune rejection triggers. FDA-approved trials signal the technology could solve organ shortages by 2030, though ethical, economic, and access challenges remain.
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